CULTUURSTELSEL KOPI MANDAILING: Perubahan Sosial Pendidikan & Keagamaan Masyarakat Natal

Sugandi, Rafid (2024) CULTUURSTELSEL KOPI MANDAILING: Perubahan Sosial Pendidikan & Keagamaan Masyarakat Natal. Masters thesis, UIN Imam Bonjol Padang.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Tesis ini berjudul CULTUURSTELSEL KOPI MANDAILING: Perubahan Sosial Pendidikan & Keagamaan Masyarakat Natal yang ditulis oleh Rafid Sugandi dengan NIM. 2220060004, mahasiswa Magister Sejarah Peradaban Islam Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu tentang perubahan sosial pendidikan dan keagamaan di Natal-Mandailing pasca Cultuurstelsel kopi Mandailing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah dan mendeskripsikan “The Impact of Mandailing Coffee Cultuurstelsel” terhadap pendidikan dan keagamaan di Natal-Mandailing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan tahapannya yaitu heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori perubahan sosial Jhon Lewis Gillin dan John Phillip Gillin. Pendidikan di Natal-Mandailing pra-Cultuurstelsel kopi Mandailing bercorak pendidikan tradisional Arab Melayu kajiannya tentang ilmu agama Islam (Al-Qur’an, Tauhid, Tasawuf dan Fiqh) dikembangkan oleh Syekh Abdul Fattah dan Syekh Abdul Malik di Surau Tambak (kini Masjid Al-Fattah). Cultuurstelsel kopi Mandailing berdampak pada kemunculan pendidikan formal (umum) dan pembaharuan keagamaan di Natal-Mandailing. A. P. Godon dan Willem Iskander mendirikan sekolah umum “Kweekschool” di Tanobato-Mandailing. Si Along gelar Jawirusin merupakan alumni Kweekschool yang menjadi guru di Natal. Dalam perkembangannya, pada tahun setelah itu, terkhusus 1940-an, berdirilah sekolah-sekolah umum (negeri) di Natal seperti Sekolah Dasar Negeri 457 (SD N 1) Natal, Sekolah Dasar 2 dan Sekolah Jami’atul Khairiyah. Pra-Cultuurstelsel kepercayaan di Natal-Mandailing ialah menganut Animisme “Sipelebegu” dan Islam. Walaupun waktu itu Islam sudah menyebar di Natal-Mandailing, tetapi praktik menyimpang dalam keagamaan Islam “Perdukunan” masih berkembang. Oleh karena itu, Haji Hasan Basyri melakukan pembaharuan keagamaan Islam di Natal pada tahun 1940-an yang berhasil mengikis praktik “Perdukunan” itu. Pembaharuan terus berkembang di Natal-Mandailing seperti lahirnya Muhammadiyah yang awalnya merupakan sebuah gebrakan pembaharuan Haji Hasan Basyri. Lalu, berdiri pula tempat pembelajaran Al-Qur’an bernama “Pangka Jati” di Natal oleh Haji Angku Asram yang merupakan rekan seperjuangan Haji Hasan Basyri. Kata kunci : Cultuurstelsel, pendidikan, keagamaan, Natal, Mandailing. ABSTRACT This thesis is entitled CULTUURSTELSEL KOPI MANDAILING: Social Changes in Education & Religion of the Natal Community written by Rafid Sugandi with NIM. 2220060004, a student of the Master of History of Islamic Civilization Postgraduate Program at Imam Bonjol State Islamic University Padang. The problem raised in this research is about social changes in education and religion in Natal-Mandailing after the Mandailing coffee Cultuurstelsel. This research aims to examine and describe "The Impact of Mandailing Coffee Cultuurstelsel" on education and religion in Natal-Mandailing. This research uses the historical method with its stages, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation and historiography. The theory used is the social change theory of Jhon Lewis Gillin and John Phillip Gillin. Education in Natal-Mandailing pre-Cultuurstelsel Mandailing coffee is patterned after traditional Malay Arab education, the study of Islamic religious science (Al-Qur'an, Tauhid, Sufism and Fiqh) developed by Sheikh Abdul Fattah and Sheikh Abdul Malik in Surau Tambak (now Al-Fattah Mosque). The Mandailing coffee cultuurstelsel had an impact on the emergence of formal (general) education and religious renewal in Natal-Mandailing. A. P. Godon and Willem Iskander established a public school "Kweekschool" in Tanobato-Mandailing. Si Along of Jawirusin fame was a Kweekschool alumnus who became a teacher in Natal. In the years after that, especially in the 1940s, public schools were established in Natal such as State Elementary School 457 (SD N 1) Natal, Elementary School 2 and Jami'atul Khairiyah School. Pre-Cultuurstelsel the beliefs in Natal-Mandailing were Animism "Sipelebegu" and Islam. Although at that time Islam had spread in Natal-Mandailing, the deviant practice of Islamic religion "Shamanism" was still developing. Therefore, Haji Hasan Basyri carried out Islamic religious reform in Natal in the 1940s which succeeded in eroding the practice of "Shamanism". Renewal continued to develop in Natal-Mandailing such as the birth of Muhammadiyah which was originally a breakthrough of Haji Hasan Basyri's renewal. Then, a Qur'anic learning center named "Pangka Jati" was established in Natal by Haji Angku Asram who was a colleague of Haji Hasan Basyri. Keywords: Cultuurstelsel, education, religion, Natal, Mandailing.

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